抱膝长啸 发表于 2008-8-7 11:03:19

用车知识--手动变速箱的基本工作原理

<font size="3">用车知识--手动变速箱的基本工作原理</font><font size="3"><b>一、变速箱的作用</b> </font><font size="3">  <font color="#080cbd"> </font><font color="#080cbd">发动机</font>的物理特性决定了变速箱的存在。首先,任何发动机都有其峰值转速;其次,发动机最大功率及最大扭矩在一定的转速区出现。比如,发动机最大功率出现在5500转。变速箱可以在汽车行驶过程中在发动机和车轮之间产生不同的变速比,换档可以使得发动机工作在其最佳的动力性能状态下。</font><br><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><font size="3"><img src="http://photocdn.sohu.com/20060725/Img244440608.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(this.src);}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><font size="3">  理想情况下,变速箱应具有灵活的变速比。无级<font color="#080cbd">变速箱</font><font color="#080cbd"> </font>(CVT)就具有这种特性,可以较好的发挥发动机的动力性能。</font><br><font size="3">  <b>二、CVT</b></font><br><font size="3">  无级变速箱有着连续的变速比。其一直因为价格、尺寸及可靠性的关系而没有大量装备汽车。现在,改进的设计使得CVT的使用已比较普遍。国产AUDI 2.8 CVT</font><br><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><font size="3"><img src="http://photocdn.sohu.com/20060725/Img244440609.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(this.src);}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></font></td></tr></table><br></td></tr></table><font size="3">  变速箱通过离合器与发动机相连,这样,变速箱的输入轴就可以和发动机达到同步转速</font><br><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><font size="3"><img src="http://photocdn.sohu.com/20060725/Img244440610.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(this.src);}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></font></td></tr></table><br></td></tr></table><font size="3">  奔驰C级Sport Coupe 6速手动变速箱</font><br><font size="3">  一个5档的变速箱提供5种不同的变速比,在输入轴和输出轴间产生转速差。见下表:</font><br><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><font size="3"><img src="http://photocdn.sohu.com/20060725/Img244440611.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(this.src);}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></font></td></tr></table><br></td></tr></table><font size="3">  <b>三、简单的变速箱模型</b></font><br><font size="3">  为了更好的理解变速箱的工作原理,下面让我们先来看一个2档变速箱的简单模型,看看各部分之间是如何配合的:</font><br><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><font size="3"><img src="http://photocdn.sohu.com/20060725/Img244440612.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(this.src);}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></font></td></tr></table><br></td></tr></table><font size="3">  •输入轴(绿色)通过离合器和发动机相连,轴和上面的齿轮是一个部件。</font><br><font size="3">  •轴和齿轮(红色)叫做中间轴。它们一起旋转。轴(绿色)旋转通过啮合的齿轮带动中间轴的旋转,这时,中间轴就可以传输发动机的动力了。</font><br><font size="3">  •轴(黄色)是一个花键轴,直接和驱动轴相连,通过差速器来驱动汽车。车轮转动会带着花键轴一起转动。</font><br><font size="3">  •齿轮(蓝色)在花键轴上自由转动。在发动机停止,但车辆仍在运动中时,齿轮(蓝色)和中间轴都在静止状态,而花键轴依然随车轮转动。</font><br><font size="3">  •齿轮(蓝色)和花键轴是由套筒来连接的,套筒可以随着花键轴转动,同时也可以在花键轴上左右自由滑动来啮合齿轮(蓝色)。</font><br><font size="3">  1档</font><br><font size="3">  挂进1档时,套筒就和右边的齿轮(蓝色)啮合。见下图:</font><br><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><font size="3"><img src="http://photocdn.sohu.com/20060725/Img244440613.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(this.src);}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></font></td></tr></table><br></td></tr></table><font size="3">  如图所示,输入轴(绿色)带动中间轴,中间轴带动右边的齿轮(蓝色),齿轮通过套筒和花键轴相连,传递能量至驱动轴上。在这同时,左边的齿轮(蓝色)也在旋转,但由于没有和套筒啮合,所以它不对花键轴产生影响。</font><br><font size="3">  当套筒在两个齿轮中间时(第一张图所示),变速箱在空挡位置。两个齿轮都在花键轴上自由转动,速度是由中间轴上的齿轮和齿轮(蓝色)间的变速比决定的。</font><br><font size="3">  <b>四、真正的变速箱</b></font><br><font size="3">  如今,5档手动变速箱应用已经很普遍了,以下是其模型。</font><br><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><font size="3"><img src="http://photocdn.sohu.com/20060725/Img244440614.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(this.src);}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></font></td></tr></table><br></td></tr></table><font size="3">  换档杆通过三个连杆连接着三个换档杆,见下图</font><br><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><font size="3"><img src="http://photocdn.sohu.com/20060725/Img244440615.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(this.src);}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></font></td></tr></table><br></td></tr></table><font size="3">  倒档 通过一个中间齿轮(紫色)来实现。如图所示,齿轮(蓝色)始终朝其他齿轮(蓝色)相反的方向转动。因此,在汽车前进的过程中,是不可能挂进倒档的,套筒上的齿和齿轮(蓝色)不能啮合,但是会产生很大的噪音。</font><br><font size="3">  <b>同步装置</b></font><br><font size="3">  同步是使得套筒上的齿和齿轮(蓝色)啮合之前产生一个摩擦接触,见下图</font><br><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><table cellspacing="0" align="center" class="t_table"><tr><td><font size="3"><img src="http://photocdn.sohu.com/20060725/Img244440616.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor='hand'; this.alt='Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(this.src);}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></font></td></tr></table><br></td></tr></table><font size="3">  齿轮(蓝色)上的锥形凸出刚好卡进套筒的锥形缺口,两者之间的摩擦力使得套筒和齿轮(蓝色)同步,套筒的外部滑动,和齿轮啮合。</font><br><font size="3">  汽车厂商制造变速箱时有各自的实现方式,这里介绍的是一个基本的概念!</font><a href=[[]][[]]></a>

风花雪月abc 发表于 2008-8-7 14:07:27

不错,楼主辛苦了。。。。。。。<a href=[[]][[]]></a>

抱膝长啸 发表于 2008-8-7 23:44:09

<img src="http://www.168tc.com.cn/images/smilies/handshake.gif"> 多谢支持,风花雪月abc 。。<a href=[[]][[]]></a>
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